Fashion is a multifaceted industry that encompasses clothing, footwear, accessories, cosmetics and jewellery. It reflects cultural aesthetics and serves as a mode of self-expression, social status and group affiliation. Fashion can also be used as a tool of propaganda, as seen in the political clothing worn by leaders in wartime or communist regimes. Fashion is a major source of income for millions of workers worldwide. Clothing manufacturers, designers, models and fashion journalists are just some of the people involved in this massive global enterprise.

Before the industrialization of the early 20th century, virtually all clothing was made individually for each person. Then, with the advent of the sewing machine and the emergence of mass production, clothes could be designed for the masses and made inexpensively in standard sizes and colors. Clothing became less of a symbol of luxury, and more of a necessity.

Some clothing is made for specific individuals, called haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Other clothing is designed to be sold in large quantities, known as ready-to-wear or fast fashion. Still others are designed to be worn by groups, such as uniforms. In some cultures, such as the royal courts of 17th century Europe, special garments were worn to show class distinctions; for example, only senators wore purple cloth and emperors wore yellow.

Individuals often choose to follow the fashions of others, especially those of people they admire. This may be done out of vanity, to conform to social norms, or for practical reasons (such as comfort or convenience). The terms fashionista and fashion victim describe people who slavishly follow current fashions.

Fashion trends can be difficult to discern. Some people make up their own styles, but many are influenced by popular culture and mass media. Fashion magazines, which first appeared in the mid-19th century, helped to create and promote trends. Eventually, television shows began to focus on the changing styles of celebrities and other people.

An excellent fashion article should have original insights into the industry. This can be in the form of a behind-the-scenes look at a famous designer, or a new twist on an old classic. The article should also be well-researched, and include accurate quotes and statistics. Finally, the article should be written clearly and concisely. Errors and poor grammar can ruin a good article, so proofread it carefully. This is important for any type of writing, but especially so for a fashion essay.